Why You Will Probably Want to Get a Prime Lens

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For most people, the initial foray into getting serious about photography involves getting a lower end “prosumer” DSLR camera with a kit lens. The images produced by such a setup can be extremely good and there is nothing wrong with sticking with that gear. Some photographers, however, might start to wonder what else in out there in lens land and many will start to contemplate lenses with different focal lengths and other will consider a prime lens. Let's take a look at why you would consider the prime lens option.

What is a Prime Lens?

Quite simply, a prime lens is simply a lens with a fixed focal length. Sometimes they're called “Primary Focal Length” or “Fixed Focal Length” lenses.

Note: Sometime's there's a little confusion as the term “Prime Lens” can be used to refer to the primary lens in a combination lens system. For this article we'll be talking about them in their fixed focal length meaning.

What Are the Advantages of a Prime Lens?

A prime lens can be great for a lot of reasons. For starters, the optical performance of prime lenses is usually a lot better than zooms as they are built to specialise in their single field of view. That means that they most often have a much wider maximum aperture setting than other lenses. This makes them perfect for shooting in lower light situations (bars, clubs, concerts) and also for getting a limited depth of field (great for portraits for example). The fact that you can open up the aperture so far also means you don't have to resort to flash as much.

The other big advantage is that prime lenses are usually smaller and lighter than zooms, which can mean a lot to those of us who like to shoot for extended periods and sometimes get weighed down by our gear.

What Are the Disadvantages of Prime Lenses

Basically prime lenses are not as versatile as zooms. You have to use your feet (ie move your shooting position) in order to get the exact image crop that you want. This isn't necessarily a bad thing (in fact it's good to practice composition with your feet rather than lens or in post production), but in certain situations it can be an irritation. Other than that, there isn't a lot of downside to primes.

What Prime Should I Get?

This really depends on what you plan to be shooting.

Traditionally, on film cameras the 50mm prime lens held pride of place as it was the lens that most approximated the field of view of human vision. With the advent of cropped sensor DSLR cameras the 35mm focal length prime lens is the standard for that.

On the other hand, the fastest prime lenses for DSLRs are in the 50mm range. The 50mm f/1.4 lenses for both Canon and Nikon are great lenses. Even the cheaper Canon and Nikon 50mm f/1.8 lenses are great (and very cheap). The 50mm is still the most popular prime lens.

If you plan to be shooting a lot of portraits, then you might want to go with a focal range closer to 85mm which is hugely popular among portrait photographers. If you want to shoot birds, then the 300mm prime is where you will want to start looking. This really depends on what you will want to be shooting.

As a general guide, look back though your images taken with your zooms or kit lenses and look at what focal lengths you used for the majority of your images. That will probably be a good place to start for looking for a fixed focal length lens.

About Author

Rob is the founder of Light Stalking. His love for photography started as a child with a Kodak Instamatic and pushed him into building this fantastic place all these years later, and you can get to know him better here.
Rob's Gear
Camera: Nikon D810
Lenses: Nikkor 14-24 f/2.8, Nikkor 50mm f/1.8

I found a sigma 30mm f 1.4 on line for $400.00. There are good deals out there just gotta look. My next lens will be the Canon 85mm. Gotta have it.

I got a zoom lens and notice exactly what did you say about portrait. Will rent one prime lens and see how it goes. I do not want to committed the same mistake twice and rent is definitely the best option before spend a lot of money and do not have what you are looking for. I will try f/1.4 and f/1.8. What do you think the difference is huge if you are considering portraits? Thanks good post.

You should be aware that choosing a prime lens should be dictated by the need. If you need to take portraits with a 16mm prime it will introduce horrible facial distortion, especially if the figure is off-centre by any degree. A 300mm zoom may be useless for landscape photography (unless you want to see a detail at a distance).

The 50mm focal length approximating the human eye is a myth and regardless only applies to full-frame SLRs. See here: https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2002/JuliaKhutoretskaya.shtml

However, the brain is a wonderful thing and compensates in a way a camera can’t.

Reviewing my images of people against what I think I see, I’d say 60mm is closer for me.

And the Canon 50mm f/1.4 is gold – I used it almost exclusively for years such that it was effectively welded on to the body. And put it on a cropped sensor and, voila, you have the perfect portrait match.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/natecochrane/5917570377/in/set-72157627351716253

The f/1.2 has such a shallow DoF it’s all but useless for what I like to make photos of.

The f/1.8 in my view is junk and its slightly cheaper price doesn’t justify it against the f/1.4 in my experience.

To expand a little, zooms have to make compromises to achieve acceptable performance at all focal lengths in its range. A prime lens is engineered to get the best performance for its one and only job. However, they also are dependent on pricing. The Canon 50mm f/1.8 is very low quality in order to get to the low price. A lot of plastic in its construction and fewer blades on its aperture than the higher priced options. This is one case where you really “get what you pay for”. If you are doing portraits, a prime is great for getting the most from your setup. Especially if you get into the higher end lenses.

I liked my 50/1.8 but on APS-C it was a bit too long, my 35/1.8 is a buty tho so I kept that and sold the fifty. Primes are lovely, but a nice, substantial fast zoom, such as Tamron SP 17-50/2.8 is another way to take your photography to the next level,

Very helpful article! Thanks! I love my Canon 50mm 1.8. Now I know I need a 300mm to shoot my grandchildren in their sports and dance activities. If only money grew on trees!

I just rented a 50mm f/1.8 G for my Nikon D3000 and I love it. The shots I’ve been taking are so crisp it’s amazing. Bye bye kits lens.

2 years ago i had a sigma 105 and 15mm, both f2.8.

i sold the 15mm though it was sharp because it was just too wide and i needed the cash. from that sale(and a little more cash) i got a nikon 50mm f1.8, nikon 28mm f2.8, and nikon 18-70mm. i’ve only kept the 28mm as its the perfect lens to have on an cropped body when travelling light, the other 2 lenses have been sold/replaced. i’ve kept the 105mm even if i rarely use it because the price was such a bargain for its sharpness.

nikon’s 50mm f1.8, at least the one that i had that was made in china, is a joke. its not sharp at f1.8, you need to close it to f2.8. the 50mm f1.4 is sharp at f1.4

I bought a 35mm prime about two months ago and have yet to take it off my camera…..i get beautiful crisp focus every time….

Love my primes (24, 28, 50, & 85). All fast. I’ve put my zooms away for various reasons. Mostly weight. Shoulders feel a lot better. If I need to zoom, the reliable feet always work.

Have the Nikkor 35 mm, f 1.8 and the Nikkor 85 mm, f 1.8. They are sooo sweet and especially the 85 is superb for portaits. I own five lenses, but nothing beats the 85!

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