window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"\/\/www.lightstalking.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=00ee2dc9c4a47c0421c3a1063c12ecee"}};
/*! This file is auto-generated */
!function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff","\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200b\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings);
window.advanced_ads_ready=function(e,a){a=a||"complete";var d=function(e){return"interactive"===a?"loading"!==e:"complete"===e};d(document.readyState)?e():document.addEventListener("readystatechange",(function(a){d(a.target.readyState)&&e()}),{once:"interactive"===a})},window.advanced_ads_ready_queue=window.advanced_ads_ready_queue||[];
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js
var breeze_prefetch = {"local_url":"https:\/\/www.lightstalking.com","ignore_remote_prefetch":"1","ignore_list":["\/wp-admin\/"]};
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/breeze/assets/js/js-front-end/breeze-prefetch-links.min.js
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/intelly-countdown-pro/assets/deps/moment/moment.js
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/intelly-countdown-pro/assets/js/icp.library.js
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.js
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.js
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/tag-groups/assets/js/frontend.min.js
var advads_options = {"blog_id":"1","privacy":{"enabled":false,"state":"not_needed"}};
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/advanced-ads/public/assets/js/advanced.min.js
var advanced_ads_pro_visitor_conditions = {"referrer_cookie_name":"advanced_ads_pro_visitor_referrer","referrer_exdays":"365","page_impr_cookie_name":"advanced_ads_page_impressions","page_impr_exdays":"3650"};
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/advanced-ads-pro/modules/advanced-visitor-conditions/inc/conditions.min.js
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/themes/lightstalking/assets/js/index.js
document.createElement( "picture" );if(!window.HTMLPictureElement && document.addEventListener) {window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {var s = document.createElement("script");s.src = "https://www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/webp-express/js/picturefill.min.js";document.body.appendChild(s);});}
var essb_settings = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.lightstalking.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","essb3_nonce":"ffd597b920","essb3_plugin_url":"https:\/\/www.lightstalking.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/easy-social-share-buttons3","essb3_stats":true,"essb3_ga":false,"essb3_ga_ntg":false,"blog_url":"https:\/\/www.lightstalking.com\/","post_id":"474068","internal_stats":true};
https://www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/uploads/breeze/google/gtag.js
!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)
{if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?
n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};
if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';
n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;
t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',
'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');
fbq('init', '1079708588874183');
fbq('track', 'PageView');
var head = document.head;var script = document.createElement('script');script.type = 'text/javascript';script.src = "https://178444.tracking.hyros.com/v1/lst/universal-script?ph=6df64206c166a45894d8b8d2beeed3f98ece187ef7e83c10a2acca9a68e688a5&tag=!tracking";head.appendChild(script);
(function(c,l,a,r,i,t,y){
c[a]=c[a]||function(){(c[a].q=c[a].q||[]).push(arguments)};
t=l.createElement(r);t.async=1;t.src="https://www.clarity.ms/tag/"+i;
y=l.getElementsByTagName(r)[0];y.parentNode.insertBefore(t,y);
})(window, document, "clarity", "script", "jzjsbgih7m");
var advadsCfpQueue = [];
var advadsCfpAd = function( adID ){
if ( 'undefined' == typeof advadsProCfp ) { advadsCfpQueue.push( adID ) } else { advadsProCfp.addElement( adID ) }
};
document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace( 'no-js', 'js' );
Skip to the contentIn order to take effective photographs, you need to learn the basics, so you can use it creatively to tell the story you intend to or have visualised. With so much information available online, it can be quite confusing for beginners to search and find the relevant information and what information to look for. In order to minimise that struggle, we have put together some good tutorials on some photography basics that you can go through for a start and later elaborate on specific topics when you need to.
With thousands of photography courses online these days, you do not need to go to college and sit through art classes unless you are looking for a certificate or degree in that field. The benefit of online classes is that you can work through topics and assignments at your own pace without having to rush […]
If you’re still new to photography, you might be frustrated with your images quite often and need a few photography tips to get better results. The biggest issue is that sometimes it’s very hard to tell what’s wrong with an image. Even if everything seems right from both technical and compositional point of view, your […]
Your images are often scattered across multiple destinations and in multiple formats. So how do we go about archiving those images? Here are 4 tips for you to consider when looking at your archiving strategy
In a recent article we showed you how to wean yourself off of program mode using shutter and aperture priority modes. We also took a look at manual exposure mode and how and when to use exposure compensation. In this next article we are going to look at understanding your camera’s focus modes. We will […]
I think one of the top priorities of any photographer at any skill level is to be able to make interesting photos. Now, how one defines “interesting” can vary greatly if we’re talking strictly in terms of subject matter — what is interesting to one individual isn’t guaranteed to be interesting to another. But there […]
(function(d, s, id) {
var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
if (d.getElementById(id)) return;
js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id;
js.src = "//forms.aweber.com/form/96/435600896.js";
fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
}(document, "script", "aweber-wjs-8cq4o7hvd"));
if (typeof jQuery !== 'undefined' && typeof jQuery.ui !== 'undefined' && typeof jQuery.ui.tabs !== 'undefined' && typeof jQuery.widget !== 'undefined' && typeof TagGroupsBase !== 'undefined') {
TagGroupsBase.tabs('tag-groups-cloud-tabs-660208435cd84', {"active":false}, true);
} else {
jQuery(document).ready(function(){
setTimeout(function(){
if (typeof jQuery !== 'undefined' && typeof jQuery.ui !== 'undefined' && typeof jQuery.ui.tabs !== 'undefined' && typeof jQuery.widget !== 'undefined') {
TagGroupsBase.tabs('tag-groups-cloud-tabs-660208435cd84', {"active":false}, true);
} else {
console.log('[Tag Groups] Error: jQuery UI Tabs is missing!');
}
}, 500);
});
}
( $ => {
/**
* Displays toast message from storage, it is used when the user is redirected after login
*/
if ( window.sessionStorage ) {
$( window ).on( 'tcb_after_dom_ready', () => {
const message = sessionStorage.getItem( 'tcb_toast_message' );if ( message ) {
tcbToast( sessionStorage.getItem( 'tcb_toast_message' ), false );
sessionStorage.removeItem( 'tcb_toast_message' );
}
} );
}/**
* Displays toast message
*
* @param {string} message - message to display
* @param {Boolean} error - whether the message is an error or not
* @param {Function} callback - callback function to be called after the message is closed
*/
function tcbToast( message, error, callback ) {
/* Also allow "message" objects */
if ( typeof message !== 'string' ) {
message = message.message || message.error || message.success;
}
if ( ! error ) {
error = false;
}
TCB_Front.notificationElement.toggle( message, error ? 'error' : 'success', callback );
}
} )( typeof ThriveGlobal === 'undefined' ? jQuery : ThriveGlobal.$j );
(function($) {
$('.home #custom-home-more-categories').on("click", function() {
$(this).parent('.custom-home-categories').find('.custom-home-categories-list').toggleClass('show');
});
})(jQuery);
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/metronet-profile-picture/js/mpp-frontend.js
var pp_ajax_form = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.lightstalking.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","confirm_delete":"Are you sure?","deleting_text":"Deleting...","deleting_error":"An error occurred. Please try again.","nonce":"1c4cbccaf2","disable_ajax_form":"false","is_checkout":"0","is_checkout_tax_enabled":"0"};
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/js/frontend.min.js
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/tabs.min.js
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/accordion.min.js
var advanced_ads_cookies = {"cookie_path":"\/","cookie_domain":""};
var advadsCfpInfo = {"cfpExpHours":"3","cfpClickLimit":"3","cfpBan":"7","cfpPath":"","cfpDomain":"www.lightstalking.com"};
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/advanced-ads-pro/assets/js/advanced-ads-pro.min.js
var beloadmore = {"url":"https:\/\/www.lightstalking.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","query":{"post__not_in":[31763],"category_name":"beginner","posts_per_page":3}};
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/themes/lightstalking/assets/js/load-more.js
var tve_dash_front = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.lightstalking.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","force_ajax_send":"1","is_crawler":"","recaptcha":[],"post_id":"474068"};
//www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/thrive-visual-editor/thrive-dashboard/js/dist/frontend.min.js
_stq = window._stq || [];
_stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"12538233\",\"post\":\"0\",\"tz\":\"-4\",\"srv\":\"www.lightstalking.com\",\"j\":\"1:13.2.2\"}") ]);
_stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "12538233", "0" ]);
var tcb_current_post_lists=JSON.parse('[]'); var tcb_post_lists=tcb_post_lists?[...tcb_post_lists,...tcb_current_post_lists]:tcb_current_post_lists;
/(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1);
if ( !window.TL_Const ) {var TL_Const={"security":"3a78c3fc03","ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.lightstalking.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","action_conversion":"tve_leads_ajax_conversion","action_impression":"tve_leads_ajax_impression","custom_post_data":[],"current_screen":{"screen_type":6,"screen_id":0},"ignored_fields":["email","_captcha_size","_captcha_theme","_captcha_type","_submit_option","_use_captcha","g-recaptcha-response","__tcb_lg_fc","__tcb_lg_msg","_state","_form_type","_error_message_option","_back_url","_submit_option","url","_asset_group","_asset_option","mailchimp_optin","tcb_token","tve_labels","tve_mapping","_api_custom_fields","_sendParams","_autofill"],"ajax_load":1};} else { window.TL_Front && TL_Front.extendConst && TL_Front.extendConst({"security":"3a78c3fc03","ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.lightstalking.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","action_conversion":"tve_leads_ajax_conversion","action_impression":"tve_leads_ajax_impression","custom_post_data":[],"current_screen":{"screen_type":6,"screen_id":0},"ignored_fields":["email","_captcha_size","_captcha_theme","_captcha_type","_submit_option","_use_captcha","g-recaptcha-response","__tcb_lg_fc","__tcb_lg_msg","_state","_form_type","_error_message_option","_back_url","_submit_option","url","_asset_group","_asset_option","mailchimp_optin","tcb_token","tve_labels","tve_mapping","_api_custom_fields","_sendParams","_autofill"],"ajax_load":1})}
window.advads_admin_bar_items = [];
var TVE_Ult_Data = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.lightstalking.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","ajax_load_action":"tve_ult_ajax_load","conversion_events_action":"tve_ult_conversion_event","shortcode_campaign_ids":[],"matched_display_settings":[],"campaign_ids":[],"post_id":460642,"is_singular":false,"tu_em":"","evergreen_redirects":[]};
https://www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/thrive-ultimatum/js/dist/no-campaign.min.js
!function(){window.advanced_ads_ready_queue=window.advanced_ads_ready_queue||[],advanced_ads_ready_queue.push=window.advanced_ads_ready;for(var d=0,a=advanced_ads_ready_queue.length;d<a;d++)advanced_ads_ready(advanced_ads_ready_queue[d])}();
(function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async=true;; po.src = 'https://www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/easy-social-share-buttons3/lib/modules/conversions-pro/assets/share-conversions-tracker.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();(function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async=true;; po.src = 'https://www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/easy-social-share-buttons3/assets/modules/pinterest-pro.min.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();(function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async=true;; po.src = 'https://www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/easy-social-share-buttons3/assets/modules/subscribe-forms.min.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();(function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async=true;; po.src = 'https://www.lightstalking.com/wp-content/plugins/easy-social-share-buttons3/assets/js/essb-core.min.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();
let ccwpDOMLoaded=!1;
let ccwp_loaded = false;
let resources_length=0;
let resources =undefined;
let is_last_resource = 0;
ccwpUserInteractions=["keydown","mousemove","wheel","touchmove","touchstart","touchend","touchcancel","touchforcechange"];
ccwpUserInteractions.forEach(function(e){
window.addEventListener(e,calculate_load_times);
});
function calculate_load_times() {
// Check performance support
if (performance === undefined) {
console.log("Performance NOT supported");
return;
}
// Get a list of "resource" performance entries
resources = performance.getEntriesByType("resource");
if (resources === undefined || resources.length <= 0) {
console.log("NO Resource performance records");
}
if(resources.length){
resources_length=resources.length;
}
for(let i=0; i < resources.length; i++) {
if(resources[i].responseEnd>0){
is_last_resource = is_last_resource + 1;
}
}
let uag = navigator.userAgent;
let gpat = /Google Page Speed Insights/gm;
let gres = uag.match(gpat);
let cpat = /Chrome-Lighthouse/gm;
let cres = uag.match(cpat);
let wait_till=300;
let new_ua = "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 11; moto g power (2022)) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/109.0.0.0 Mobile Safari/537.36";
let new_ua2 = "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/109.0.0.0 Safari/537.36";
if(gres || cres || uag==new_ua || uag==new_ua2){
wait_till = 3000;
}
if(is_last_resource==resources.length){
setTimeout(function(){
console.log("ccwpTriggerDelayedScripts timeout : "+wait_till);
ccwpTriggerDelayedScripts();
},wait_till);
}
}
window.addEventListener("load", function(e) {
console.log("load complete");
setTimeout(function(){
calculate_load_times();
},100);
});async function ccwpTriggerDelayedScripts() {
if(ccwp_loaded){ return ;}
ccwpPreloadStyles();
ccwpPreloadDelayedScripts();
ccwpLoadCss();
ccwpScriptLoading();
ccwp_loaded=true;
}
function ccwpPreloadStyles() {
let e = document.createDocumentFragment();
var cssEle = document.querySelectorAll("link[rel=ccwpdelayedstyle]");
for(let i=0; i <= cssEle.length;i++){
if(cssEle[i]){
cssEle[i].href = removeVersionFromLink(cssEle[i].href);
let r = document.createElement("link");
r.href = cssEle[i].href;
r.rel = "preload";
r.as = "style";
e.appendChild(r);
}
}
document.head.appendChild(e);
}
function ccwpPreloadDelayedScripts() {
var e = document.createDocumentFragment();
document.querySelectorAll("script[type=ccwpdelayedscript]").forEach(function(t) {
var n = removeVersionFromLink(t.getAttribute("src"));
if (n) {
t.setAttribute("src", n);
var r = document.createElement("link");
r.href = n, r.rel = "preload", r.as = "script", e.appendChild(r)
}
}), document.head.appendChild(e)
}
function ccwpScriptLoading(){
var jsEle = document.querySelectorAll("script[type=ccwpdelayedscript]");
jsEle.forEach(function(t) {
t.type = "text/javascript";
if(t.src)
{
t.src = removeVersionFromLink(t.src);
}
});
}function ccwpLoadCss(){
var cssEle = document.querySelectorAll("link[rel=ccwpdelayedstyle]");
for(let i=0; i <= cssEle.length;i++){
if(cssEle[i]){
cssEle[i].href = removeVersionFromLink(cssEle[i].href);
cssEle[i].rel = "stylesheet";
cssEle[i].type = "text/css";
}
}var cssEle = document.querySelectorAll("style[type=ccwpdelayedstyle]");
for(let i=0; i <= cssEle.length;i++){
if(cssEle[i]){
cssEle[i].type = "text/css";
}
}
}
function removeVersionFromLink(link)
{
if(ccwpIsValidUrl(link))
{
const url = new URL(ccwpFormatLink(link));
url.searchParams.delete("ver");
url.searchParams.delete("time");
return url.href;
}
else{
return link;
}
}
function ccwpIsValidUrl(urlString)
{
if(urlString){
var expression =/[-a-zA-Z0-9@:%_\+.~#?&//=]{2,256}\.[a-z]{2,4}\b(\/[-a-zA-Z0-9@:%_\+.~#?&//=]*)?/gi;
var regex = new RegExp(expression);
return urlString.match(regex);
}
return false;
}
function ccwpFormatLink(link)
{
let http_check=link.match("http:");
let https_check=link.match("https:");
if(!http_check && !https_check)
{
return location.protocol+link;
}
return link;
}